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Self-Esteem in Children of streets in the city of Chennai

The phenomenon of street children is recent. It is argued that Latin American countries were the first to recognize that in their cities is the phenomenon of a magnitude and size of which required the attention of all concerned. However, the problem of children Street is a worldwide and exists in both the developed and developing countries, with a difference in size and magnitude. These countries have some micro-level type of rehabilitation measures. But much remains to be done in this field.

Street children is a trem – shaking uncontrollably as a result of anxiety, agitation or weakness that often highlights a certain set of conditions of work and life rather than personal and social characteristics of individual children themselves. Very often, children in these conditions are victims of stereotypes such as "juvenile delinquents" by the public and authorities. The term "street children" should refer to all children working on the streets of urban areas without reference to time spent there or reasons for being there. "(National Workshop on street children, 29 and August 30, 1998)

The other terminologies for street children have been used,
"Children without family '
"High-risk children"
"Unregistered children"

"Children who need care and protection"
"Abandoned children"

UNICEF has called "children in difficult circumstances. "

Around the world the terminology of the street children involved in different
ways as follows,
In Naples, "SCUGIZZO" is derived from the work for spinning – more than ever
more.
In Peru, the "Bird Fruit Bowl" (Bird fruit) earns its name looking out for the police in the market.
In Colombia "GAMIN" (Kid) is borrowed from the French, but has strong connotations negative. The same world featured in Rwanda in the form "SALIGOMAN (gamin Sale, nasty boy).
In Zaire, street children are "moineaux" (Sparrows)
In Cameroon, "Poussins" (Girls) to field workers, Moustique "(mosquitoes) to the police. Others have proposed the term "Twilight children" to suggest its indefinite and fragile condition.
The ruling, however, tends to be more cautious and refers to the street children euphemistically as "children in an irregular situation." Then, the children of the street is a vulnerable risk group and high – in society. By UNICEF can be classified into three categories as follows.
Street children in the streets (children with continuous family contact)
Children Street Street (children with family contact time)
Abandoned and neglected children (children without family)
One of the negative consequences urbanization in the world, particularly in developing countries is the existence of a large proportion of those living in urban slums and pavements of many poor families do not find refuge. The forces of modernization, including industrialization and urbanization, coupled with the dire state of poverty have negatively affected family life.

Illiteracy, broken family, III-treatment, the parents left, death of parents and orphans and poverty are the key factor forced to flee from home and living on the streets in major metropolitan cities, especially in Chennai. The population of street children in Chennai is around 1,00,000 Most street children have left school.

Most of the time they are living on the street without basic food needs in general, clothing and shelter, the psychological needs of love, protection and recognition and social needs of social interaction, acceptance and maturity. They are not able to get the care and support of the family society, as well.

Condition of street children

The most vulnerable are out of control boys and girls living in the train station, bus station, market, sidewalks, streets and perform small tasks such as collection of cloth collecting cup, coolie, begging, cleaning the rail boogies, small hotels etc, these children live on the sidewalks and streets with heaven as their refuge and no deals with love and affection.

The condition of street children is a sad reality that this sector of the population are neglected, delinquent and are neglected for. They are a group of new children and rapid increase in vulnerable, disadvantaged and exploited in our cities.

Chennai NGO forum in the street and working children The survey of street children in 1996 with support from UNICEF. This survey was conducted with the following objective:

To enumerate the number of children of children who were in the street in the city of Chennai.
To know the conditions of street children in Chennai city

On the basis of survey, estimated the number of street children in Chennai city would be about 75, 000. If one were to include children under 6 years and adolescents on the street, people would be as high as 1.5 lakhs. They were covered by the survey only 6-18 years children.

Most of them earn a living doing odd jobs like picking rags, or recycling of garbage, shining shoes, washing cars and the like. Their employers often exploit them sexually. In addition, most economic activities of street children are controlled territories, each one is guarded tightly by its members, violent reaction when threatened. In this struggle for the survival of the competition is cutthroat and only the fittest survive. To survive, work for three hours a day on average either morning or evening, and their income to meet their daily expenses. Whenever they bring forward spending money they receive from the owners of the store waste paper that would sell their waste collection only to that particular store.
Shop of waste paper is also their place of stay after work. During his leisure hours, go to the movies, regularly from drugs, tablets and injection, and at night have sex with local sex workers a cheaper rate. This implies the risk of contracting and spreading AIDS. They also have the habit homosexual. Drugs that use includes coffee sugar.

Family background

Most street children living on the streets away from his family because of some of the following reasons, abuse, violence, poverty, family broken, peer pressure group, places of interest in the life of the city, the antipathy towards studies, frustration, orphans and others.
These street children have no one to care for them except their peers with whom they live on the streets. As away from home and school environment, control informal social could only play an important role in his life in the formation of character and behavior of these children.
The changes noted above affecting street children very deeply self-esteem. Self-esteem refers to the extent that they expect to be accepted and valued by adults and peers who are important for them. Although self-esteem has been studied for over 100 years, scholars and educators continue to debate its precise nature and development. But usually agree that parents and other adults who are important to children play an important role in establishing a solid foundation for the development of a child.

What is the self – esteem?

When parents and teachers of young children talk about the need for good self – esteem, usually means that children must have "Good feelings" about themselves. With young children, children's self-esteem refers to the extent they expect to be accepted and valued by adults and peers who are important to them.

Children with a sense of healthy self-esteem – that the important adults in their lives accept them, care about them, and come out of their way to make sure they are safe and well. They feel that adults would be upset if anything happened to them and miss them if they were separated. Children with low self – esteem, on the other hand, feel that the important adults and peers in their lives do not agree, do not worry for them a lot, and not go out of their way to ensure their safety and welfare.

During its early years, young children self-esteem is based on largely on their perception of how the important adults in their lives judge them. The extent to which children believe they have the characteristics valued by adults and peers in their lives figures greatly in the development of self – esteem. For example, in families and communities that value athletic ability highly, children who excel in athletics is likely to have a high level of self – esteem, whereas children who are less athletic or who are criticized for being physically inept or clumsy are likely to suffer from low self – esteem.

Families, communities and ethnic and cultural groups vary in the criteria on which self – esteem in base.

Children with self-esteem

Maintain self – esteem is necessary for all living humans. It is the daily food of emotional health. Mother Teresa said "Each of us has a mission, a mission to live, but it must begin in our homes …. In the place where we are with the people they are closer to time, and then outward,

To build self-esteem in children, creating opportunities for success, which provides an image positive self – are all important influences on a child's healthy development.

Low self-esteem that harms a child's self The picture may interfere with the child's ability to learn and relate.

To improve self-esteem of a child is to be a positive force in a relationship love and thereby make a valuable contribution to the world.

Many unwittingly helping parents to their children to fail and have low self-esteem.

We must first define what each child needs. All children need to obtain parental approval.

for your own sense or personality
for their sense proven capacity
for their sense of individuality
set realistic goals for achievement
to provide a framework for meaningful values

Sources low self-esteem in children

In most cases, low self-esteem in children stems from unfortunate childhood experiences. The greatest gift as parents can give our children is strong self-esteem. When we can not give an unconscious way to build a low self-esteem in our children.

An own parents of low self-esteem is a model for the child

El Niño and its lack of recognition and appreciation by parents and others as an intrinsic value and individual major can damage self-esteem. Phrases like "A child should be seen and heard, not" Mother knows best ", etc prove that the child needs, feelings, wishes and opinions are not given due consideration.

A child sometimes self makes comparison of himself with his own age, whom he admires for his strength and skill, popularity, confidence and achievements. To make matters worse, their parents, relatives and friends compared unfavourite brother or sister. This imposes on children with a sense of inferiority devastating.

A child feels inadequate because it is encouraged and motivated to be independent, do what I can for itself – Taking responsibility for his ability as he grows in age and experience. The child is taught to think for himself.

The false concepts values and reactions of a child's parents, teachers and peers, I do identify with their actions. For example, Mohan, whose mother had a severe migraine, is a "bad guy" because he closed the door. Whereas in reality it was only his natural exuberance and lack of awareness that the cause of the act. This can charge the child with self-condemnation, shame, guilt and remorse.

Tough and demanding parents set reasonable standard, often before raising the child has developed the ability to meet. Parents can also bring their children to reasonable criticism, harsh and abusive and / or punishment incompatible. These actions cause early frustration, defeatism, and a destructive sense of inadequacy and inferiority.

A child who is pushed beyond its capacity for the needs vicarious parents to achieve a sense of worth and importance through achievements of the child often causes a deep sense of inadequacy and unworthiness in the child.

The rivalry and emulation of success of a very bright or gifted brother or sister, a parent or an exceptional and outstanding talent often leads to a profound sense of hopelessness and inferiority.

A child looking unflattering physical and / or "probabilities" of clothes, perhaps more physical, mental or emotional handicaps damage their sense of self-esteem.

A child raised on the basis of "reward and punishment," rather than being motivated by understanding and allowed to make their own mistakes and to accept and resolve, so suffer low self-esteem develops.

Adverse economic, social, cultural or ethnic parents and family often invite depreciation and ridicule.

More possession, more of permissiveness, and exert undue control by one or both parents, fosters a sense of the United Nations – the importance and lack of self-esteem in children.

A feeling of guilt is often severe induced background material wealth or a tributary.

High values in money instead, the achievements and the thing, not the individual and their innate value, can prevent or destroy self – esteem.

Repeated defeats and failures can destroy their sense of self-esteem and result in one or both ends. The child can become a school dropout or society or which may become a compulsive winner in a desperate attempt to "prove themselves"

The delay and lack of self – discipline, taking the path of least resistance, tend to destroy the self-esteem and sense of worth.

The lack of sense of meaning and purpose in life, goals and clear objectives, to the sound of self – esteem, self key to high – estimated.
The secret to inner peace lies in self – assertion.

Need for the study

Put into effect, many studies have focused on street children analysis of the situation, case studies and a study on street children in independent variation of sex, age, education relationship between the father and mother were conducted.

But no study was carried out in relation with street children self – esteem and so I had this problem for my study of the project. Because street children are the major component of developing country. but not in the mainstream of society. that neglect of the family, school and social settings, whether they are having positive self – Esteem about yourself that is not recognized by the existing social system. the perception of street children into society is negative.

Summery and Conclusion

Many psychologists say that our image is affected by any type experiences. We have successes, failures, praise, record their personal experiences, our expectations and other expectations of us.
estimated In 1657, Augustine Baker, a Benedictine monk, mystic and theologian declared "self – self-judgment and self -" will be the independence requirements exist, the term had been used by scholars of Latin and the ancient Greeks, Plato, Aristotle and others. Synonyms Thesaurus are "self-confidence," auto-"Therefore," pose "," confidence "," guarantee "," Pride "or" self-sufficiency. "Antonyms are" self – doubt "and" self – effacement "to" self-hatred "and" shame. "
Therefore, self-esteem provides an essential thread linking the various aspects of operation. Low self – esteem has been linked to confusion and disorganization with building a system. It appears that the low level of interrogation of driftnet developed to evaluate the construction of others strongly imply that low level of questioning was found when the networks are based on the building itself.
No society can afford to ignore the street children. They are the future of society. They have to integrate with the mainstream of social development and the provision of opportunities to grow in good physical and mental health in an environment social framework.
The focus of human resource development has to be applied in dealing with the whole team, and it is certain that, given all the opportunities of development, in turn, can contribute enormously to the integral development of society.
This study was conducted to assess mainly the level of self – esteem of street children school to determine the possible reasons for higher or lower – estimates.

Objective
Examining the level of self – esteem of the street and school children.

Objective
To determine the level of self – esteem among school children and street children.
To determine the level of esteem between children among street children and children from school.
To develop and recommend remedial measures to overcome low elf esteem street children.

Hypotheses
There will be no significant difference between the school and street children in their self-esteem -.
There will significant differences between street children and girls in their level of self – esteem.
There will be no significant difference between street children and children school in their level of self – esteem.
There will be no significant difference between street children and girls of the school in their level of self – esteem.
There is difference significantly between boys and girls of the school in their level of self – esteem.

Sampling
The use of random sampling method for the study of 120 school and street children were selected from 120 children, 60 were male and 60 were girls. Their age ranged from 12-17 years. Rationale for selection is age, children under 12 years children are not able to recognize and express their self – esteem properly, so that more than 12 years has been selected for the study.

Tool used
The rate of self-esteem by Walter W. Hudson was found to be the most appropriate tool to measure self – esteem levels. The guest total is 25

Statistical Analysis
The collected date was analyzed, the mean, standard deviation, "t" was created to test hypotheses

Assessment

The level of self – esteem of school-age children are below the level of street children, that mean that street children had high level of self – esteem.

No gender differences in the level of self-esteem of street children.

The self-esteem of street children is higher than boys of the school.

The level of self – esteem of street children is higher than girls school.

The level of self – esteem of girls in school is higher than boys of the school.

Conclusion
An analysis of data collected is being done, to the following conclusion has been reached a. The level of self – esteem identified by school children is lower than the level of children the street, which means that the street children had high level of self – esteem. The level of self – esteem developed by the children of the street children is the same. The level of self-esteem built up by street children is higher than boys of the school. The level of self – esteem indicated by the street girls is higher than school girls.

Limitations
The sample was limited only in the age group 12 to 17 years
street and school children.
He did only in the city of Chennai.
The sample size was small.
The self-esteem questionnaires were given to street children and school children separately.

Study implications
One of the first steps to promote a healthy – Believes in children is: to establish good relations with them. People in good relationships, is ultimately what the world is. The relationships that are mutually loving and caring, honest and supportive atmosphere to create a healthy human growth and great car – Esteem.
Emotionally, children are easily threatened by someone bigger or older that are still not sure that having the well – developed by adults generally have argued, the sense of self is still fragile children vulnerable and easily shot down. For example, children often do not understand the difference significant chronological age can make in your performance. younger children may feel stupid because his older brothers seem more intelligent. not realize older children have had more time than learning skills, physical growth, increased muscle control, more practice and experience mare in the sport, school, arts and so on. younger children need to understand that years ago may be in the eye, but not necessarily intelligence.
When they reach the threats of others, who think of themselves as unlovable, incompetent, irrelevant and misfits wanted UN. threat brings feelings of shame, insecurity, failure and fear abounds inside. That threat is too avoided.

What adults can do to improve self – esteem in children?
Recognize a child's right to emotions.
Provides outlets for strong feelings.
allow time for strong feelings to cool.
connect yourself with your emotions.
help relieve stress with a physical object.
demonstrate that they can accept even the undesirable.
encourage children to talk to other adults.
help children by telling stories.

what can parents do?
Apart from this, to build a large self – esteem of children, parents need a.
Be an example of self – worth, self – love and holding p me.
Respect your child as never single – miracle to-be-repeated good.
Take your child feel loved, valued and respected for his own self.
Have your child accountable for their actions and behavior.
Help your child feel able to carry things on their own.
Show your child that every day is filled with joys and wonderful experiences.
Give sincere praise and appreciation for all the good experiences.
Let your child find the same thing through their guidance. Do not become a robot or rubber stamp yourself.
Investing time and energy to help your child achieve greatness.
Lead your child to improve with each case, not compete with others who may be most beautiful smarter or richer. these are the false standards of greatness and make a whole, but I feel like a loser to the winner in which he is doing everything possible their own good. Be consistent in their discipline and take your child to agree on appropriate behavior. Empress praise for good behavior and not destroy the value of praise by the withholding of praise when misconduct occurs. Teach children not to use self-humiliation tem Teach them how to self – self-help – Value, and self – confidence.
Parents can play an important role in strengthening children's self – esteem, treating fully respected, taking their views and opinions seriously, and expressing appreciation to them above all, parents should be aware that self – esteem is an important part of development each child.

About the Author

he is a development workers in India

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