Ecuador is a country in South America bordered by Colombia to northern Peru to the south and east, and the Pacific Ocean in the west. Ecuador has an area of 276,840 square kilometers. Galapagos Islands are also part of Ecuador and is famous for its wildlife. Ecuador has a coastline of about 2,237 km. This country has a form republican government, and Quito is the capital city, situated at an altitude of 2,820 meters.
Ecuador has a population of just over 13 million people (July , 2005 estimate). The main ethnic groups are mestizo (mixed Amerindian and black) to 65 percent and Indians at 25 percent of the population. Spanish and others are 7 percent of the population while blacks are 3 percent. At least 95 percent of Ecuador's population are Roman Catholic. Spanish is the official language and Amerindian languages are also spoken, especially Quechua. Ecuador has a population growth of 1.24 percent and the infant mortality rate is 23.66 deaths to 1, 000 live births. Ecuador has a life expectancy of 76.21 years and has a literacy rate of 92.5 percent.
Ecuador became independent from Spain on 24 May 1822. The Independence Day is celebrated on 10 August. For administrative purposes, Ecuador is divided into 22 provinces. The country has a gross domestic product 49.51 billion U.S. dollars. Agriculture is 8.7 percent and industry occupies 30.5 percent of GDP. The service sector occupies 60.9 percent of GDP. Ecuador has a strength urban labor of 4.53 million euros. The service sector represents 68 percent of the labor force, while industry accounts for 24 percent of the workforce. Only 8 percent of the workforce is employed in agriculture. According to 2001 estimates, 45 percent of Ecuador's population is below poverty threshold.
Ecuador's major industries are oil, chemicals, food processing, textiles, wood, and include main agricultural produces bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, cassava, banana and sugar cane. Livestock includes cattle, sheep, pigs, beef and pork. The main export products of Ecuador are petroleum, bananas, flowers and shrimp, while the main import goods include vehicles, medicines, telecommunications equipment and electricity. The major export partners are the U.S., representing 42.9 percent of all exports. The major export partners are Panama 14.3 percent, Peru 7.9 and 4.6 percent in Italy. The United States is the lead partner for the import of Ecuador. The other main import partners are China, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Japan and Mexico.
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